Debugging: finding, fixing and flailing, a multi-institutional study of novice debuggers

Department of Information and Computer Sciences, Metropolitan State University, St. Paul, USA; Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Xavier University, Cincinnati, USA; Department of Computer Science, College of Charleston, Charleston, USA; Department of Computer Science and Computer Engineering, Pacific Lutheran University, Tacoma, USA; Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California, San Diego, USA; Department of Computer Science, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, UK; Department of Computing and Software Systems, University of Washington, Bothell, USA